Imperial Parliament: Difference between revisions
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{{infobox
| BackColor =
| BoxTitle = <center>
| image = File:Imperial Parliament Logo.png
| imagewidth = 250px
| Row1Title
| Row1Info = Bicameral
| Row2Title = Established:▼
| Row2Title = Houses:
| Row2Info = [[Assembly of Peers]]
[[House of Commons]]
| Row3Info = 2020
| Row4Title = Preceded by:
| Row4Info = 2020<small>(modern)
2017<small>(Sarovian Rikstag)
2016<small>(Sarovian Senate)
| Row5Title = [[King of the Sarovians (title) | Monarch]]:
| Row5Info = [[Carolus XIII Vasa | Carolus XIII]]<small><br>since 28 November 2023 (311 AS)
| Row6Title = Lord Speaker:
| Row6Info = [[Tsu Kinwood | 2nd Visärle Poltava]]<small><br>since 5 November 2023 (311 AS)
| Row7Title = Speaker of HoC:
| Row7Info = Willow Lyon, Ärle eui Veres<small><br>since 5 November 2023 (311 AS)
| Row8Title = Headquarters:
| Row8Info = The Borhaus Palace<small><br>Assembly of Peers chamber
The House of Commons<small><br>The Commons chamber
}}
The '''Imperial Parliament of the New Sarovian Empire and Her Colonies and Dominions''' is the
[[House of Commons|'''The House of Commons''']] is the elected lower house of parliament, with elections for 19 single-member constituencies held at least every [[Stefanic ages and the calendar|3 Stefanic Years]] under the first-past-the-post system. By constitutional convention, all government ministers, including the [[Prime Minister]], are members of the [[House of Commons]], or, less commonly, the [[Assembly of Peers]], and are therefore responsible to their respective branches of the legislature. During parliamentary sessions, meetings are commanded by the Speaker, responsible for organizing the meeting procedure in an organized manner.
'''[[Assembly of Peers|The Assembly of Peers]]''' is the upper house of Parliament, made up of the Peers (nobles) of the Empire. Like the [[House of Commons]], the Assembly of Peers also has a Speaker, the Lord Speaker, responsible for organizing the meeting's procedure in an organized manner.
'''The Parliament of the New Sarovian Empire''' is one of the oldest legislatures in the Graal and is characterized by the stability of its government institutions and its ability to absorb change. The New Sarovian system of government was introduced into the [[Sarovian Commonwealth|Commonwealth]] and shaped the political systems of the formerly colonial nations, the Sarovian Dominions and Commonwealth Realms, and has therefore been called the "'''[[Mother of Parliaments]]'''".
== History ==
The Parliament of the New Sarovian Empire was officially founded in 2016 as the '''Sarovian Senate''', which is unicameral and responsible for the absolute legislation of the country composed of the nobles of the Empire. The Senate also exercised a function of "''Elective Monarchy''", where, after the death of a [[King of the Sarovians (title)|monarch]], the nobles of the chamber held a vote to decide the monarch's successor, if he did not have an heir. However, this would change with the passing of the [[Act of Succession, 2018|'''Act of Succession, 2018''']].
Over time, the Sarovian Senate would become, in 2017, the Sarovian Rikstag, which is also unicameral and performs a similar function to the old Sarovian Senate. There is not much information about this period.
In 2020, the Parliament model as we know it today would be adopted through the [[Charter of the Imperial Parliament, 2020|'''Charter of the Imperial Parliament, 2020''']], thus creating the [[Assembly of Peers]] and [[House of Commons]], and the entire system we know today.
== Composition and powers ==
The legislative authority, the [[King-in-Parliament]], has three distinct elements: the [[King of the Sarovians (title)|Monarch]], the [[Assembly of Peers]] and the [[House of Commons]]. No individual may be a member of both Houses for two consecutive terms. Previously, there was no law that prohibited a Peer from running for consecutive terms in the [[House of Commons]], but, in 2022, this would be barred by the Imperial Parliament.
'''The Imperial Assent of the Monarch''' is required for all bills to become law, and certain delegated legislation must be made by the Monarch by '''[[Royo-da-Conseili]]'''. The crown also possesses executive powers that do not depend on Parliament, through prerogative powers, including the power to make treaties, declare war, grant honors, and appoint public officials and servants. In practice, these are always exercised by the monarch under the advice of the Prime Minister and the other ministers of His Imperial Majesty's Government (HIM Government). The [[Prime Minister]] and the government are directly accountable to parliament, through control of public finances, and to the public, through the election of Members of Parliament (MP).
[[King of the Sarovians (title)|The Monarch]] also appoints the [[Prime Minister]], who then forms a government with members of the Houses of Parliament. It must be someone who can win a majority in a vote of confidence in the [[House of Commons]]. In the past, the monarch had to call new elections because no party had a majority, and agreed on a budget to form the government.
All legislation must be approved by the [[House of Commons]] to become law and controls taxation and the supply of money to the government. Government ministers (including the [[Prime Minister]]) must regularly answer questions in the [[House of Commons]] and there are a number of select committees that examine specific issues and the functioning of the government. There are also mechanisms that allow members of the House of Commons to draw the government's attention to specific issues affecting their constituents.
== State Opening of Parliament ==
'''The State Opening of Parliament''' is an event that marks the beginning of a new session of the Sarovian Parliament. It is held at the [[Assembly of Peers]], more precisely, at the Borhaus Palace. During the ceremony, the [[King of the Sarovians (title)|Monarch]] reads a speech, known as the Speech from the Throne, which is prepared by the [[Prime Minister]] and the Cabinet, outlining the Government's agenda for the next term. The speech reflects the legislative agenda for which the HIM Government intends to seek agreement from both houses of Parliament.
== Legislative procedure ==
Both houses of the Imperial Parliament are presided over by a Speaker, the [[Speaker of the House of Commons]], and, the [[Lord-Speaker of the Assembly of Peers]].
For the [[House of Commons|Commons]], the [[King of the Sarovians (title)|Sovereign]]'s approval is theoretically necessary before the Speaker's election becomes valid, but is, by modern convention, always granted.
In turn, for the [[Assembly of Peers|Peers]], decisions on questions of order and on the discipline of unruly members are taken by the entire body, but only by the Lord-Speaker of the House. Speeches in the [[Assembly of Peers]] are addressed to the House as a whole (using the words "My Peers"), but those in the House of Commons are addressed to the Speaker alone (using "Mr. Speaker" or "Ms. Speaker"). Speeches may be made simultaneously to both Chambers.
Both Houses may decide matters by voice vote; the members shout "Aye!" and Nay!" - and the Speaker declares the result. Either Speaker's pronouncement may be challenged and a recorded vote required (known as a division). (The Speaker of the House of Commons may choose to reject a frivolous request for division, but the Lord-Speaker has no such power.) In each House, a division requires members to register in one of two lobbies at the side of the House; their names are recorded by clerks and their votes are counted as they leave the halls to re-enter in the House. The Speaker of the House of Commons is expected to be non-partisan and not vote except in the event of a tie; the Lord-Speaker, however, votes with the other Lords.
Both Chambers normally carry out their business in public, with galleries where visitors can sit.
== Relationship with the HIM Government ==
The Sarovian government is accountable to the House of Commons. However, neither the Prime Minister nor members of the Government are elected by the House of Commons. Instead, the Emperor asks the person most likely to win majority support in the House, typically the leader of the largest party in the House of Commons, to form a government. To be accountable to the Lower House, the Prime Minister and the majority of Cabinet members are, by convention, members of the House of Commons. The last Prime Minister to be a member of the Assembly of Peers was Visärle Marchwood, who became Prime Minister in November, 2023 (311 AS).
Governments have a tendency to dominate Parliament's legislative functions, using their intrinsic majority in the House of Commons and sometimes using their power of patronage to appoint supporting Peers in the Assembly of Peers. In practice, governments can pass any legislation (within reason) in the House of Commons they wish, unless there is strong dissent from MPs in the governing party. But even in these situations, it is highly unlikely that a bill will be defeated, although dissident MPs may be able to extract concessions from the government.
Parliament controls the executive, approving or rejecting its bills and forcing crown ministers to answer for their actions, whether in "Question Time" or during parliamentary committee meetings. In both cases, Ministers are questioned by members of their Chambers and are obliged to respond.
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